GM mosquitoes are not sterile, as their creators say
Published on Mon, 2012-01-16 19:06
Genetically modified mosquitoes created by British company Oxitec are in fact not “sterile”, far from what their manufacturer said: their offspring have a 15 percent survival rate in the presence of the common antibiotic tetracycline, according to a confidential document obtained by three civil society groups, Third World Network, Friends of the Earth US and GeneWatch UK. In the study described in this document (“Eliminating Tetracycline Contamination”, available on http://bit.ly/xCEj8j), the genetically modified mosquitoes were fed on cat food containing chicken contaminated with low levels of tetracycline. Many of those mosquitoes were able to reproduce, with their offspring surviving to adulthood. A redacted version of the document, released to GeneWatch UK under freedom of information laws (available on http://bit.ly/xCEj8j), shows that the company tried to hide the evidence that its technology will fail to prevent reproduction in the presence of low levels of tetracycline contamination. “The information in this document totally undermines the risk assessment for the field releases that have been carried out to date,” warned Lim Li Ching, of Third World Network. “People have been seriously misled about the risks to health and the environment. Were our regulators fully aware about this fundamental problem with Oxitec’s technology?” Oxitec’s technology aims to prevent the progeny of GM mosquitoes from surviving in the wild. The fact that it fails in the presence of low levels of tetracycline is cause for concern, the groups said, raising the spectre of genetically modified mosquitoes surviving and breeding, producing adult populations of GM mosquitoes, including GM females which can bite and transmit disease. The antibiotic tetracycline is widely used in agriculture and is present in sewage as well as in industrially farmed meat. Mosquitoes that carry dengue fever are known to breed in environments contaminated with sewage where they are likely to encounter widespread tetracycline contamination. Failure of the technology in the presence of tetracycline contamination could lead to a rebound in cases of disease and biting GM females might cause unknown impacts on human health, such as allergies. The ecological implications of GM mosquitoes surviving and breeding are also unknown. Even in the absence of tetracycline contamination, the GM mosquitoes are known to survive in the laboratory at rates of around 3 percent. In the field, this would translate into large numbers of survivors, given that continual releases of millions of GM mosquitoes would be needed to sustain the goals of population suppression. Oxitec has released genetically modified mosquitoes in field experiments in the Cayman Islands, Malaysia and Brazil, and is planning a release this year in the Florida Keys. Other countries where releases have been proposed include Panama, India, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Costa Rica and Trinidad & Tobago. “The fact that Oxitec is hiding data from the public has undermined its credibility,” said Eric Hoffman, of Friends of the Earth US. “Oxitec’s assertions cannot be trusted. Trials of its mosquitoes must not move forward in the absence of comprehensive and impartial reviews of the environmental, human health and ethical risks. Such trials must also await the establishment of a clear and well designed regulatory framework, which does not yet exist.” “It is impossible to assess health or environmental risks if important information is concealed from public scrutiny,” agreed Helen Wallace, director of GeneWatch UK. “This confidential document reveals a fundamental flaw in Oxitec’s technology which should have halted their experiments. Oxitec’s commercial interests are in conflict with the need for careful scientific scrutiny and honest and transparent public information.” Lucia Ortiz of Friends of the Earth Brazil said: “Oxitec is using poor regions in the Global South, such as cities in the Northeast region of Brazil, as its laboratory for genetically modified mosquitoes. This is despite the fact that Oxitec has not proven its mosquitoes are safe for people or the environment nor has it been open and honest with the local communities about the possible risks its technology poses.” The GM mosquitoes are intended to reduce the wild population by mating with naturally occurring mosquitoes and producing progeny which don’t survive, thus reducing the population and therefore the transmission of the tropical disease dengue fever. Source
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